• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

Background Macrophages, upon encounter with micro-organisms or stimulated by cytokines, produce various effector molecules aimed at destroying the foreign agents and protecting the...

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• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

Background The tryptophan catabolizing enzyme, indoleamine 2,3, dioxygenase (IDO) is one of two mammalian enzymes, which can catabolize the rarest essential amino acid, tryptophan. IDO...

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• Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Updated: 2016-03-13

Excel files containing raw data used to generate figures throughout manuscript. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Dean , T., D. Betancourt , J. Kim, L. Harvey, A. Evans,...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-04-23

Microgravity leads to a 10-15% loss of bone mass in astronauts during space flight. Osteoclast is the multinucleated bone resorbing cell. In this study we used NASA developed ground based Rotary...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-04-23

Microgravity leads to a 10-15% loss of bone mass in astronauts during space flight. Osteoclast is the multinucleated bone resorbing cell. In this study we used NASA developed ground based Rotary...

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