• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

Background The hydrolysis of ATP and ADP by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) requires divalent cations, like Ca2+ and Mg2+. In spite of considerable work, it is...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

Prolonged residence of mice in spaceflight is a scientifically robust and ethically ratified model of muscle atrophy caused by continued unloading. Under the Rodent Research Program of NASA, we...

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