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Biomass for Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS) Counterfactual Decision Tree

Published by National Laboratory of the Rockies | Department of Energy | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2025-12-18T22:12:54Z
Counterfactual is the term used to describe a "business-as-usual" scenario which used as a baseline to compare against a new project, allowing the calculation of net impacts for a life cycle analysis (LCA). The choice of counterfactual is critical for determining the results from LCA and must be carefully justified to ensure a fair and accurate comparison. Using forest residues as an example, this decision tree illustrates decision points to be considered for sustainable biomass sourcing and provides a framework for estimating the carbon emissions or storage under the "business-as-usual” scenarios for biomass otherwise destined for use in Biomass for Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS) projects.

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