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Brodifacoum toxicity in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure - Results of trial 3

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2020-09-22T00:00:00Z
Trial examining blood clotting function response in kestrels initially fed a diet containing chlorophacinone (CPN) or brodifacoum (BROD), and following a recovery period, kestrels were challenged with a diet containing chlorophacinone. Kestrels received two 25 ± 0.1 g NBP meatballs daily for a 7-day period containing either vehicle, 1.5 µg CPN/g wet wt diet (i.e., 1.5 ppm chlorophacinone) or 0.5 µg brodifacoum/g wet wt (i.e., 0.5 ppm brodifacoum) during an initial exposure phase. Following 7 day recovery period, these kestrels were then fed 0.75 µg CPN/g wet wt diet (i.e., 0.75 ppm chlorophacinone) for a 7 day challenge exposure phase. Hereafter, these groups are designated control-chlorophacinone challenge (CON-CPN), chlorophacinone-chlorophacinone challenge (CPN-CPN), and brodifacoum-chlorophacinone challenge (BROD-CPN).

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