Comparison of discrete and underway carbon dioxide (CO2) related measurements obtained during 21 cruises spanning the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Oceans and Gulf of Mexico between 1991 and 2020: inferences on the temperature dependence of the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) in seawater (NCEI Accession 0247018)

Published by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce | Metadata Last Checked: January 26, 2026 | Last Modified: 2022-02-09T00:00:00.000+00:00

This dataset consists of the co-located surface discrete fCO2 at 20 ˚C and underway fCO2 measurements at sea surface temperature (SST) for 21 cruises spanning the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Oceans and Gulf of Mexico from 1991-07-12 to 2020-04-15. In addition, calculated fCO2 from alkalinity (TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are provided. The co-located discrete fCO2 at 20 ˚C and underway fCO2 measurements at SST are used to infer the temperature dependence of CO2. For the 21 cruises spanning the major ocean basins from 1992-2020 a temperature dependence of 4.13 ± 0.01 % ˚C-1 is determined in close agreement with a widely used previous empirical estimate of 4.23 ± 0.02 % ˚C-1 for North Atlantic surface water. No statistically significant dependence on temperature or inorganic carbon speciation of the surface water was discerned as dependency on these factors is weak and it was masked by a range of overlapping temperatures and chemical compositions. The temperature dependency of calculated fCO2 yield a dependency of 4.10 % ˚C-1 for 17 cruises where there are co-located measurements of fCO2, alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).

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description	This dataset consists of the co-located surface discrete fCO2 at 20 ˚C and underway fCO2 measurements at sea surface temperature (SST) for 21 cruises spanning the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Oceans and Gulf of Mexico from 1991-07-12 to 2020-04-15. In addition, calculated fCO2 from alkalinity (TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are provided. The co-located discrete fCO2 at 20 ˚C and underway fCO2 measurements at SST are used to infer the temperature dependence of CO2. For the 21 cruises spanning the major ocean basins from 1992-2020 a temperature dependence of 4.13 ± 0.01 % ˚C-1 is determined in close agreement with a widely used previous empirical estimate of 4.23 ± 0.02 % ˚C-1 for North Atlantic surface water. No statistically significant dependence on temperature or inorganic carbon speciation of the surface water was discerned as dependency on these factors is weak and it was masked by a range of overlapping temperatures and chemical compositions. The temperature dependency of calculated fCO2 yield a dependency of 4.10 % ˚C-1 for 17 cruises where there are co-located measurements of fCO2, alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).
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identifier	gov.noaa.nodc:0247018
issued	2022-02-02T00:00:00.000+00:00
keyword	[ "0247018", "DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)", "partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water", "total alkalinity", "WATER TEMPERATURE", "carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer", "showerhead equilibrator", "titrator", "chemical", "discrete sample", "physical", "surface measurements", "surface underway", "VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS", "NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR)", "Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP)", "The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP)", "World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)", "Gulf of Mexico", "Indian Ocean", "North Atlantic Ocean", "North Pacific Ocean", "South Atlantic Ocean", "South Pacific Ocean", "Southern Ocean", "oceanography", "DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce", "A05_1998", "A13.5_2010", "A13.5_transit", "A16N_1993", "A16N_2003", "A16N_2013", "A16S_1991, Leg 1", "A16S_1991, Leg 2", "A16S_2013", "EQ92F", "EQ92SP", "GOMECC-2", "GOMECC-3", "GOMECC_1", "I8N_1995", "P18S_1994", "P18_2008", "31DS19940126 (31DSCG94_2)", "31DS19940126 (31DSCG94_3)", "33MW19910711", "33MW19910814", "33MW19920226", "33MW19920909", "33MW19930705", "33MW19950922", "33RO19980123", "33RO20030619", "33RO20050111", "33RO20070710", "33RO20071215", "33RO20100308", "33RO20120721", "33RO20130803", "33RO20131223", "33RO20170718", "33RO20200221", "CLIVAR > Climate Variability", "WOCE > World Ocean Circulation Experiment", "Ocean Acidification Program (OAP)", "Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project", "A05", "A13.5", "A16N", "A16S", "I8N", "P18", "P18S", "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY", "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE", "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON", "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE", "Discrete measurement", "Surface underway", "DIC", "TA", "fCO2 fugacity of CO2 (discrete measurements)", "fCO2 fugacity of CO2 (underway measurements)", "CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS", "EQUILIBRATORS", "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN", "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF AMERICA", "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MEXICO", "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN", "OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN", "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN", "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN", "OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN", "Atlantic Ocean", "Gulf of Mexico", "Indian Ocean", "Pacific Ocean", "Southern Ocean" ]
landingPage	https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
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modified	2022-02-09T00:00:00.000+00:00
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references	[ "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2022.104178", "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system" ]
rights	otherRestrictions
spatial	110.0,-69.0,-170.0,63.3
temporal	1991-07-12T00:00:00+00:00/2020-04-15T00:00:00+00:00
title	Comparison of discrete and underway carbon dioxide (CO2) related measurements obtained during 21 cruises spanning the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Oceans and Gulf of Mexico between 1991 and 2020: inferences on the temperature dependence of the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) in seawater (NCEI Accession 0247018)