EnviroAtlas - PRISM 30-Year Normal Annual Precipitation and Minimum and Maximum Temperature for American Samoa (1971–2000)

This annual data was accessed from the PRISM project website (https://https://prism.oregonstate.edu/normals_other/public/pacisl/grids/) and has a spatial resolution of 3 arcsec (80 m). The three climatic variables included in the dataset are total precipitation (inches), maximum temperature (degrees Fahrenheit), and minimum temperature (degrees Fahrenheit). PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University used climate observations from monitoring stations and interpolated to a gridded format using the PRISM model (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). Interpolation was trained using a DEM (digital elevation model) to improve performance in mountainous regions. The PRISM temperature data were originally reported in °C but were converted to °F. The PRISM precipitation data were originally reported in millimeters but were converted to inches. For this project, Tutuila and Manua island domains were merged into one spatial domain for American Samoa using the "Mosaic to New Raster" tool in ArcGIS Pro. This dataset was processed by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets). From Original PRISM Metadata (https://prism.oregonstate.edu/normals_other/public/pacisl/metadata/): Abstract: This data set contains spatially gridded average monthly and annual precipitation and temperature for the climatological period 1971–2000. Distribution of the point measurements to a spatial grid was accomplished using the PRISM model, developed by Chris Daly of the PRISM Group, OSU. Purpose: Display and/or analyses requiring spatially distributed monthly or annual precipitation and temperature for the climatological period 1971–2000 Supplementary Information: There are many methods of interpolating climate from monitoring stations to grid points. Some provide estimates of acceptable accuracy in flat terrain, but few have been able to adequately explain the extreme, complex variations in climate that occur in mountainous regions. Significant progress in this area has been achieved through the development of PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). PRISM is an analytical model that uses point data for a 30 yr climatological average (e.g. 1971- 2000 average) and an underlying grid such as a digital elevation model (DEM) to generate gridded estimates of monthly and annual precipitation and temperature (as well as other climatic parameters). PRISM is well suited to regions with mountainous terrain, because it incorporates a conceptual framework that addresses the spatial scale and pattern of orographic processes. Grids were modeled on a monthly basis. Annual grids of temperature were produced by averaging the monthly grids, and summing for precipitation. Reports and papers on PRISM can be obtained from the PRISM Group website Completeness Report: Point estimates of precipitation and temperature originated from some or all of the following sources: 1) National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative (COOP) stations, 2) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SNOTEL, 3) United States Forest Service (USFS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) RAWS Stations, 4) Bureau of Reclemation (AGRIMET) stations, 5) California Data Exchange Center (CDEC) stations, 6) Storage guages, 7) NRCS Snowcourse stations, 8) Other State and local station networks, 9) Estimated station data, 10) Canadian stations, 11) Upper air stations, and 12) NWS/Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Automated surface observation stations (ASOS). All COOP station data were subjected to quality control checks by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). All COOP, SNOTEL and other data were subjected to further quality control checks by the PRISM Group.

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