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Field evidence noted in 2008 to 2023 that pertains to sea floods of the past millennium on Anegada, British Virgin Islands

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2023-10-27T00:00:00Z
This release provides inventories of georeferenced evidence pertaining to extreme waves on Anegada, a low Caribbean island perched south of the Puerto Rico Trench: CORAL BOULDERS AND COBBLES -- Derived offshore, found inland. Boulder star coral Orbicella franksii (37 localities), brain coral Pseudodiploria strigosa (171), elkhorn coral Acropora palmata (36), mustard hill coral Porites astreoides (29). LIMESTONE BOULDERS AND COBBLES -- Derived and found onshore (633). MOLLUSCAN SHELLS -- Queen conch Aliger gigas, discarded by precolonial fishers (12 onshore heaps) and by modern fishers (40 offshore heaps); individual conch shells deposited inland by precolonial sea flood (59); tiger lucine Codakia orbicularis, also strewn in precolonial time (18). SAND -- Precolonial deposit pervasive (132), patchy (195), scarce or absent (256); younger sheet of sand and shell (42); autochthonous sand weathered from Pleistocene deposits (22). HURRICANE DEPOSITS -- Wrack of plant fragments from 2010 Hurricane Earl (13). RADIOCARBON AGES on precolonial deposits (67). ROCK WALLS -- About 90 km total length among mapped 2249 segments that likely represent about half of the full network. LIMESTONE SINKS -- Closed depressions in Pleistocene limestone, in some cases extending downward into groundwater; 1508 mapped from lidar topography. These various kinds of evidence are grouped into 12 categories. Each of these 12 child items is explained with its own metadata, rendered as a shapefile, tabulated also in comma-separated value file (except for the walls), and illustrated with a summary map and a field photograph.

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