Greenbuilt Construction Energy Efficiency Retrofit House Demonstration - Sacramento
One of the homes that was part of Sacramento Municipal Utility District's (SMUD) Energy Efficiency Retrofit Demonstration (EERD) project was a 1980's era home in Fair Oaks, California, referred to as the Greenbuilt house, as Greenbuilt Construction completed the retrofit of the home. The home underwent an extensive energy efficiency retrofit with a goal of achieving a 50% reduction in energy use to demonstrate the potential for other builders and homeowners in the area. The retrofit measures included installing: ENERGY STAR appliances high efficiency light roof radiant barrier additional ceiling and wall insulation double-pane, low-e windows external motorized shading and solar tubes a 16 SEER/9.75 HSPF heat pump improved ducts a whole-house fan a heat pump water heater (HPWH) integrated collector storage solar water heater (ICS SWH) and 3.2 kW of PV. In addition, the home was air sealed to reduce infiltration.
Researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) performed short-term tests on the major systems installed as part of the retrofit to ensure that they were performing as expected. The systems evaluated included the space conditioning heat pump, the air handler and ducts, the HPWH, the ICS SWH, and the PV array. Some ducts were untwisted after testing revealed that two rooms were not getting sufficient airflow. Afterwards, all systems were performing as expected.
In addition to testing to confirm adequate performance of all new systems, NREL was given the opportunity to use the Greenbuilt house as a laboratory house for a year. The space conditioning system and home water systems were subjected to a series of tests to determine optimal control strategies for lowering energy consumption and reducing peak (4:00-7:00 p.m.) energy consumption during the summer. The different cooling strategies considered included two different precooling schedules, drawing the external shades during the day and using the whole-house fan at night, and combinations of those. The most effective strategy for reducing overall energy consumption was the use of external shades, which cut the daily cooling load by 34% and reduced the energy use during peak hours by 40%. The different precooling strategies eliminated the peak load entirely but actually increased daily cooling energy use. The use of shades and the advanced precooling strategy increased the daily energy use by 5% but eliminated all peak use and maintained a comfortable home. These results were verified over the entire summer using an Energy Plus model of the home. The hot water system was tested in two configurations: the HPWH alone and the ICS solar water heater paired with the HPWH. Six hot water draw profiles, varying in terms of daily hot water volume, time of day for hot water use, and the duration of the draws, were imposed on the hot water system to test their effects on performance. When operating alone in the summer, the HPWH operated with a COP around 2.2, except for a draw that used a quarter of the averaged daily hot water usage, which had an average COP of 1.6. The combination of ICS and HPWH resulted in larger COPs, but also more variability depending on the draw profile. The standard, hourly draw profile produced the highest COP of 6.4. The quarter volume draw profile had the lowest COP of 2.8 for the combined system. Relative to a standard electric water heater, the HPWH operating alone reduced the peak load by 56% and the combined ICS and HPWH system completely eliminated the peak load.
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| description | One of the homes that was part of Sacramento Municipal Utility District's (SMUD) Energy Efficiency Retrofit Demonstration (EERD) project was a 1980's era home in Fair Oaks, California, referred to as the Greenbuilt house, as Greenbuilt Construction completed the retrofit of the home. The home underwent an extensive energy efficiency retrofit with a goal of achieving a 50% reduction in energy use to demonstrate the potential for other builders and homeowners in the area. The retrofit measures included installing: ENERGY STAR appliances high efficiency light roof radiant barrier additional ceiling and wall insulation double-pane, low-e windows external motorized shading and solar tubes a 16 SEER/9.75 HSPF heat pump improved ducts a whole-house fan a heat pump water heater (HPWH) integrated collector storage solar water heater (ICS SWH) and 3.2 kW of PV. In addition, the home was air sealed to reduce infiltration. Researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) performed short-term tests on the major systems installed as part of the retrofit to ensure that they were performing as expected. The systems evaluated included the space conditioning heat pump, the air handler and ducts, the HPWH, the ICS SWH, and the PV array. Some ducts were untwisted after testing revealed that two rooms were not getting sufficient airflow. Afterwards, all systems were performing as expected. In addition to testing to confirm adequate performance of all new systems, NREL was given the opportunity to use the Greenbuilt house as a laboratory house for a year. The space conditioning system and home water systems were subjected to a series of tests to determine optimal control strategies for lowering energy consumption and reducing peak (4:00-7:00 p.m.) energy consumption during the summer. The different cooling strategies considered included two different precooling schedules, drawing the external shades during the day and using the whole-house fan at night, and combinations of those. The most effective strategy for reducing overall energy consumption was the use of external shades, which cut the daily cooling load by 34% and reduced the energy use during peak hours by 40%. The different precooling strategies eliminated the peak load entirely but actually increased daily cooling energy use. The use of shades and the advanced precooling strategy increased the daily energy use by 5% but eliminated all peak use and maintained a comfortable home. These results were verified over the entire summer using an Energy Plus model of the home. The hot water system was tested in two configurations: the HPWH alone and the ICS solar water heater paired with the HPWH. Six hot water draw profiles, varying in terms of daily hot water volume, time of day for hot water use, and the duration of the draws, were imposed on the hot water system to test their effects on performance. When operating alone in the summer, the HPWH operated with a COP around 2.2, except for a draw that used a quarter of the averaged daily hot water usage, which had an average COP of 1.6. The combination of ICS and HPWH resulted in larger COPs, but also more variability depending on the draw profile. The standard, hourly draw profile produced the highest COP of 6.4. The quarter volume draw profile had the lowest COP of 2.8 for the combined system. Relative to a standard electric water heater, the HPWH operating alone reduced the peak load by 56% and the combined ICS and HPWH system completely eliminated the peak load. |
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"description": "The goals of this monitoring plan are to develop a protocol for monitoring the SMUD DER GreenBuilt project and answer the following major questions:
1. Are renewable energy systems performing as expected?
2. Are energy efficiency systems performing as expected?
3. Are whole house energy and peak cooling demand savings as expected?
4. Is heat pump water heater performing as expected? What interactions are there with the solar hot water system?
5. Based on monitored results, how can performance be improved in future retrofit projects?
Greenbuilt Project as a Lab Home
The Greenbuilt house is to remain unoccupied and operate as a lab home until August 2010. Control and monitoring equipment installed in the home allows NREL to simulate occupancy patters and record the resulting impact on energy consumption. Automated controls include the operation of some lighting and electrical loads, activation of hot water use, simulation of internal heat gain loads and control of thermostat set points. Occupancy patterns are controlled by an automated program that can be updated and changed remotely. Some short term testing of equipment performance can also be accomplished remotely through the operation of control equipment.
Comparison of Monitored Performance to Expected Performance
This monitoring plan will compare measured performance to the expected performance of renewable and energy efficiency systems. BEopt will be used to provide estimates of the expected energy performance for the monitored home. The retrofit solution will be evaluated to determine energy savings with respect to Title 24 and SMUD Baseline standards. Recommendations for improvements in the performance of future projects will be made based on monitored results.
Measurement of Energy Demand
NREL monitoring activities will focus on evaluation of the energy demand of the major end uses that are being targeted by the SMUD ZEH program including site PV generation, space conditioning energy use (Heating, AH, and AC), hot water energy use, and total electric energy use.
Domestic Hot Water
The Domestic Hot Water (DHW) system includes a solar hot water preheat system utilizing an Integrated Collector Storage (ICS), an Air Tap heat pump hot water heater and a 40 gallon storage tank located in the garage. The DHW system will be evaluated with long term measurements to determine its effectiveness at reducing electric use and what amount of energy is contributed by solar. Performance of the heat pump water heater will be evaluates both with and without the contribution of the ICS.
Control4 Home Energy Management (HEM) System
In the GreenBuilt home, Control4 provides automated control of selected lights and electrical loads and thermostat settings. ",
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|
| DOI | 10.25984/2204253 |
| identifier | https://data.openei.org/submissions/4932 |
| issued | 2018-08-27T06:00:00Z |
| keyword |
[
"BuildingAmerica",
"air sealing",
"building america",
"duct systems",
"existing home",
"external shades",
"heat pump water heater",
"hot dry",
"insulation",
"integrated collector storage solar water heater",
"lighting",
"photovoltaic system",
"residential",
"retrofit",
"roof radiant barrier",
"solar tubes"
]
|
| landingPage | https://data.openei.org/submissions/4932 |
| license | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| modified | 2023-11-01T16:43:02Z |
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| projectNumber | FY14 AOP 1.9.1.19 |
| projectTitle | Building America |
| publisher |
{
"name": "Mountain Energy Partnership",
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| title | Greenbuilt Construction Energy Efficiency Retrofit House Demonstration - Sacramento |
