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Ground conductivity measurements at selected National Wildlife Refuges: Beaver Lake, North Dakota, 2018

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2022-09-13T00:00:00Z
Shallow subsurface electrical conductivity was mapped at Beaver Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwest North Dakota using the DUALEM421 electromagnetic sensor (Dualem, Inc., ON, Canada) in the winter of 2018. Data were acquired by towing the DUALEM421 sensor on a sled behind an all-terrain vehicle or snow machine, with the sensor at a nominal height of 0.3 meters (m) above ground surface. Approximately 127 line-kilometers (km) of data were acquired over an area of approximately 8 square-kilometers. At this survey location, the 4m transmitter-receiver horizontal co-planar and perpendicular coil orientations did not function due to equipment malfunction. Data were manually edited to remove sensor dropouts, lag corrected for apparent offsets between recorded GPS location and data locations for each coil pair, and averaged to a sounding distance of 1m along the survey path; data were not decoupled from infrastructure noise sources (powerlines, pipelines, fences, etc.) or corrected for sensor pitch or roll. This data release contains raw and processed electromagnetic data. Digital data are described by the data dictionaries. Additional details regarding the processing steps are described in the metadata.

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