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Histopathology of American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed to brodifacoum

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2020-08-21T00:00:00Z
This dataset describes histopathological changes in liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle and intestine of captive American kestrels exposed to the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum (BROD). The goal of the study was to determine the toxic range of brodifacoum by feeding birds a diet containing 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 ug BROD/g wet weight. Birds were necropsied and examined grossly for hemorrhages or anemia, and liver, kidney, heart, pectoral muscle, and intestine was collected for histopathological evaluation. Tissues were scanned at least 100x magnification and all lesions, including hemorrhage, inflammation, and degenerative changes, were described and assigned a morphologic diagnosis with severity, chronicity, and distribution as appropriate.

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