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Holocene evolution of sea-surface temperature and salinity in the Gulf of Mexico

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2021-09-22T00:00:00Z
Stable oxygen and carbon isotope composition (δ18O and δ13C) and magnesium-to-calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios were measured in the tests of planktic foraminiferal species, Globigerinoides ruber (white variety), in a northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) sediment core 2010-GB2-GC1 collected from the Garrison Basin (26.67°N, 93.92°W) at a water depth of 1776 meters (m), aboard the R/V Cape Hatteras in April 2010. These measurements are used to generate sub-centennial-scale reconstructions of sea surface temperature (SST) and the stable oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Osw; a proxy for changes in salinity) over the past 11,700 years. For further information regarding data collection and/or processing methods, refer to the associated journal article (Thirumalai and others, 2021).

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