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LaKind et al. PFAS and Breast Milk

Published by U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | Metadata Last Checked: August 02, 2025 | Last Modified: 2021-05-21
This file contains data used in: Judy S. LaKind, Marc-Andre Verner, Rachel Rogers, Helen Goeden, Daniel Q. Naiman, Satori A. Marchitti, Geniece M. Lehmann, Erin P. Hines, Suzanne E. Fenton. (2021) Current breast milk PFAS levels in the US and Canada: After all this time why don’t we know more? To estimate nationally representative breast milk concentrations for the US and Canada, we used serum PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA data from the NHANES and the Canadian Health Measures Survey, respectively. To estimate milk concentrations in communities with a known history of PFAS drinking water contamination, geometric mean serum concentrations measured as part of the ATSDR PFAS Exposure Assessments (https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/activities/assessments.html) were used. We also used publicly available data from the New York State Department of Health for information on the Hoosick Falls and Petersburgh areas. In Table 1. Serum PFAS, serum or plasma PFAS concentrations (ng/mL) and the number of participants in each cohort (N) are shown. Measured serum/plasma concentrations in national surveys and communities impacted by PFAS were multiplied by milk:serum ratios to estimate breast milk PFAS levels. Figure 1. Breast Milk PFAS shows the results for each dataset. This dataset is associated with the following publication: LaKind, J., M. Verner, R. Rogers, H. Goeden, D. Naiman, S. Marchitti, G. Lehmann, E. Hines, and S. Fenton. Current Breast Milk PFAS Levels in the United States and Canada: After All This Time, Why Don’t We Know More?. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 130(2): 1-8, (2022).

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