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Long-term CO2 emissions measurements, Horseshoe Lake tree kill area, Mammoth Mountain, CA

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2021-07-21T00:00:00Z
We installed an eddy covariance station on July 22, 2014 at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill area on Mammoth Mountain, CA to monitor variations in magmatic CO2 emissions. Since then, this station has measured CO2, H2O and sensible and latent heat fluxes, air temperature and pressure, and wind speed and direction on a half-hourly basis. We also measured soil CO2 fluxes across the area (0.32 km2) using the accumulation chamber method on July 23, 2014, June 20-21, 2015, July 15, 2016, July 27-28, 2017, July 31-August 1, 2018, and August 2-3, 2019. The eddy covariance and soil CO2 flux data sets were used to characterize temporal and spatial variations in magmatic CO2 emissions and their relationships to meteorological variations.

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