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Long term cone production of white spruce throughout boreal forests in North America

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2020-08-20T00:00:00Z
Data were compiled on the seed production of white spruce in order to assess the long-term trends in seed production over the past 60 years in North American boreal forests. Data on cone production was merged with annual weather, teleconnection indices such as ENSO, and historical fires in boreal forests.

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