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Longitudinal Profiles of the Bad (Mashkiiziibii) and Kakagon Rivers in the Bad River Estuary, Wisconsin, Derived from Sonar Surveys Conducted 2015-2022

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2024-09-30T00:00:00Z
Longitudinal profiles of water depths were collected by sonar equipment from the centerline of the Bad River (Mashkiiziibii) channel in 2015, 2016, 2021, and 2022 and from the Kakagon channel in 2021 and 2022. Long profile points from each collection were referenced to a common water surface datum and channel centerline, and assigned a longitudinal distance upstream from the river mouth, allowing for comparison between years and evaluation of channel bed aggradation and incision through time. The 2021 depth values were additionally converted into elevations referenced to the NAVD88 datum and integrated into the digital elevation model (DEM) representing post-flood land surface conditions that was used in the landform mapping, geomorphic change, and estuary inundation analyses.

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