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Low-Income Energy Affordability Data - LEAD Tool - 2018 Update

Published by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy | Department of Energy | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2025-01-15T17:42:46Z
The Low-Income Energy Affordability Data (LEAD) Tool was created by the Better Building's Clean Energy for Low Income Communities Accelerator (CELICA) to help state and local partners understand housing and energy characteristics for the low- and moderate-income (LMI) communities they serve. The LEAD Tool provides estimated LMI household energy data based on income, energy expenditures, fuel type, housing type, and geography, which stakeholders can use to make data-driven decisions when planning for their energy goals. From the LEAD Tool website, users can also create and download customized heat-maps and charts for various geographies, housing, and energy characteristics. Datasets are available for 50 states plus Puerto Rico and Washington D.C., along with their cities, counties, and census tracts. The file below, "1. Description of Files," provides a list of all files included in this dataset. A description of the abbreviations and units used in the LEAD Tool data can be found in the file below titled "2. Data Dictionary 2018". The Low-Income Energy Affordability Data comes primarily from the 2018 U.S. Census American Community Survey 5-Year Public Use Microdata Samples and is calibrated to 2018 U.S. Energy Information Administration electric utility (Survey Form-861) and natural gas utility (Survey Form-176) data. The methodology for the LEAD Tool can viewed below (3. Methodology Document). For more information, and to access the interactive LEAD Tool platform, please visit the "4. LEAD Tool Platform" resource link below. For more information on the Better Building's Clean Energy for Low Income Communities Accelerator (CELICA), please visit the "5. CELICA Website" resource below.

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Complete Metadata
@type dcat:Dataset
accessLevel public
bureauCode 
                                            [
  "019:20"
]
contactPoint 
                                            {
  "fn": "LEAD Tool at EERE",
  "@type": "vcard:Contact",
  "hasEmail": "mailto:LEAD.tool@ee.doe.gov"
}
dataQuality 
                                            true
description The Low-Income Energy Affordability Data (LEAD) Tool was created by the Better Building's Clean Energy for Low Income Communities Accelerator (CELICA) to help state and local partners understand housing and energy characteristics for the low- and moderate-income (LMI) communities they serve. The LEAD Tool provides estimated LMI household energy data based on income, energy expenditures, fuel type, housing type, and geography, which stakeholders can use to make data-driven decisions when planning for their energy goals. From the LEAD Tool website, users can also create and download customized heat-maps and charts for various geographies, housing, and energy characteristics. Datasets are available for 50 states plus Puerto Rico and Washington D.C., along with their cities, counties, and census tracts. The file below, "1. Description of Files," provides a list of all files included in this dataset. A description of the abbreviations and units used in the LEAD Tool data can be found in the file below titled "2. Data Dictionary 2018". The Low-Income Energy Affordability Data comes primarily from the 2018 U.S. Census American Community Survey 5-Year Public Use Microdata Samples and is calibrated to 2018 U.S. Energy Information Administration electric utility (Survey Form-861) and natural gas utility (Survey Form-176) data. The methodology for the LEAD Tool can viewed below (3. Methodology Document). For more information, and to access the interactive LEAD Tool platform, please visit the "4. LEAD Tool Platform" resource link below. For more information on the Better Building's Clean Energy for Low Income Communities Accelerator (CELICA), please visit the "5. CELICA Website" resource below.
distribution 
                                            [
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "5. CELICA Website",
    "format": "HTML",
    "accessURL": "https://betterbuildingssolutioncenter.energy.gov/accelerators/clean-energy-low-income-communities",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "description": "Better Building's Clean Energy for Low Income Communities Accelerator (CELICA) website with more information."
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "4. LEAD Tool Platform",
    "format": "HTML",
    "accessURL": "https://www.energy.gov/eere/slsc/low-income-energy-affordability-data-lead-tool",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "description": "Low-Income Energy Affordability Data (LEAD) Tool website with more information on the LEAD Tool and included data."
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "3. Methodology Document",
    "format": "pdf",
    "accessURL": "https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/lead-methodology_122024.pdf",
    "mediaType": "application/pdf",
    "description": "Methodology of data used in the LEAD Tool, updated 12/20/2024.  Download from energy.gov."
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "NC 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data North Carolina",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/NC-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "AL 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Alabama",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/AL-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "AK 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Alaska",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/AK-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "AZ 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Arizona",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/AZ-2018-LEAD-data%20%281%29.zip"
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  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "AR 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Arkansas",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/AR-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "CA 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for California",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/CA-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "CO 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Colorado",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/CO-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "CT 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Connecticut",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/CT-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
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  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "DE 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Deleware",
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  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "FL 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Florida",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/FL-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "GA 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Georgia",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/GA-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "HI 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Hawaii",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/HI-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
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    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "ID 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Idaho",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/ID-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "IL 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Illinois",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/IL-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
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  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "IN 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Indiana",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/IN-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "IA 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Iowa",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/IA-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "KS 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Kansas",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/KS-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "KY 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Kentucky",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/KY-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "LA 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Louisiana",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/LA-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "ME 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Maine",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/ME-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "MD 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Maryland",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/MD-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
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  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "MA 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Massachusetts",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/MA-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "MI 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Michigan",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/MI-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "MN 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Minnesota",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/MN-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
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    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Mississippi",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/MS-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
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    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "MO 2018 LEAD data.zip",
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    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Missouri",
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  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "MT 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Montana",
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  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "NE 2018 LEAD data.zip",
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    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Nebraska",
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  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
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    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Nevada",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/NV-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "NH 2018 LEAD data.zip",
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    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for New Hampshire",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/NH-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
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  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "NJ 2018 LEAD data.zip",
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    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for New Jersey",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/NJ-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "NM 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for New Mexico",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/NM-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "NY 2018 LEAD data.zip",
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    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for New York",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/NY-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "ND 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for North Dakota",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/ND-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
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    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Ohio",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/OH-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
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    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Oklahoma",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/OK-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
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    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Oregon",
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  },
  {
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  {
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    "title": "PR 2018 LEAD data.zip",
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    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Puerto Rico",
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  {
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    "title": "RI 2018 LEAD data.zip",
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    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Rhode Island",
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  },
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    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
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    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for South Carolina",
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  {
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    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for South Dakota",
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  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "TN 2018 LEAD data.zip",
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    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Tennessee",
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  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "TX 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Texas",
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  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "UT 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Utah",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/UT-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "VT 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Vermont",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/VT-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "VA 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
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    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Virginia",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/VA-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "WA 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Washington",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/WA-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "DC 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Washington DC",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/DC-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "WV 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for West Virginia",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/WV-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "WI 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Wisconsin",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/WI-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "WY 2018 LEAD data.zip",
    "format": "zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Annual Median Income (AMI), Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and State Medium Income (SMI) data for Wyoming",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/WY-2018-LEAD-data.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "2. Data Dictionary 2018.xlsx",
    "format": "xlsx",
    "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
    "description": "Dictionary describing the fields used in LEAD Tool data files.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/Data%20Dictionary%202018.xlsx"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "1. Description of Files.docx",
    "format": "docx",
    "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document",
    "description": "Information about file types for LEAD Tool data included in this submission.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.openei.org/files/573/Description%20of%20Files.docx"
  }
]
DOI 10.25984/1784729
identifier https://data.openei.org/submissions/573
issued 2020-07-01T06:00:00Z
keyword 
                                            [
  "AMI",
  "Annual Median Income",
  "Better Buildings",
  "CELICA",
  "Clean Energy for Low Income Communities Accelerator",
  "FPL",
  "Federal Poverty Level",
  "LEAD",
  "LEAD tool",
  "LMI",
  "Low-Income Energy Affordability Data",
  "SMI",
  "State Medium Income",
  "affordability",
  "annual energy burden",
  "annual energy cost",
  "building",
  "building age",
  "building type",
  "census",
  "cost",
  "electricity",
  "energy",
  "energy burden",
  "fuel type",
  "gas",
  "heating fuel",
  "housing costs",
  "low income",
  "low to moderate income",
  "low-income",
  "moderate income",
  "owner",
  "renter"
]
landingPage https://data.openei.org/submissions/573
license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified 2025-01-15T17:42:46Z
programCode 
                                            [
  "019:000",
  "019:002"
]
projectNumber 
                                            "34667"
projectTitle Low-income Energy Affordability Data (LEAD) Tool
publisher 
                                            {
  "name": "U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
spatial 
                                            "{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[-167.7267,13.518],[-53.8316,13.518],[-53.8316,75.0714],[-167.7267,75.0714],[-167.7267,13.518]]]}"
title Low-Income Energy Affordability Data - LEAD Tool - 2018 Update

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