Low Temperature Geothermal Resource Assessment for Desalination in United States

                                            [
  "019:20"
]
                                        

                                            {
  "fn": "Sertac Akar",
  "@type": "vcard:Contact",
  "hasEmail": "mailto:sertac.akar@nrel.gov"
}
                                        

                                            true
                                        

                                            [
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Low Temperature Geothermal Resource Assessment for Membrane Distillation MD Desalination in United States.pdf",
    "format": "pdf",
    "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/869/NREL%20Format.pdf",
    "mediaType": "application/pdf",
    "description": "Substantial drought and declines in potable groundwater in the United States since last decade increased the demand for fresh water. Desalination of saline water such as brackish surface or groundwater, seawater, brines co-produced from oil and gas operations, industrial wastewater, blow-down water from power plant cooling towers, and agriculture drainage water can reduce the volume of water that requires disposal while providing a source of high-quality fresh water for industrial or commercial use. Membrane distillation (MD) is a developing technology that uses low-temperature thermal energy for desalination. Geothermal heat can be an ideal thermal-energy source for MD desalination technology, with a projected target range of $1/m3 to $2/m3 for desalinated water depending on the cost of heat. In order to estimate levelized cost of heat (LCOH) for integration of MD desalination technology with low-grade geothermal heat, three different cases were analyzed: (1) residual heat from injection brine at a geothermal power plant, (2) existing underutilized low-temperature wells, and (3) drilling new wells for low-temperature resources. Central and Western United States have important low-temperature ("
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "USGS Wells and Springs",
    "format": "zip",
    "accessURL": "https://gds-files.nrelcloud.org/archive/geothermal-prospector.zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Data includes available information on location, temperature, flow rate, acidity (pH) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) content of 2,071 wells and springs which are representative of 1,168 low-temperature geothermal systems identified in 26 States. Names used in this table are generally those used on the state geothermal resource maps. If the site is unnamed, a nearby feature is usually given for reference. The site is identified as a spring or well, and alternate names are sometimes given in parentheses. The data is obtained from the United States Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) Open-File Report 83-250 (Table-1) titled Low-Temperature (Less Than 90°C) Geothermal Systems in The United States; Reference Data for U.S.G.S. Circular 892. The report was originally published in 1982 and updated in 2015 (report forthcoming from USGS). Detailed geochemistry data and reservoir temperature estimates (from different geothermometer calculations) are also available in the original report. For more information and to access the reports visit links below.

http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1983/0892/report.pdf http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5456555/"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "USGS Identified Delineated Area Geothermal Systems",
    "format": "zip",
    "accessURL": "https://gds-files.nrelcloud.org/archive/geothermal-prospector.zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Data includes minimum, maximum, and most likely values for temperature, area, and thickness of the Identified delineated-area low-temperature ("
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "USGS Isolated Geothermal Systems",
    "format": "zip",
    "accessURL": "https://gds-files.nrelcloud.org/archive/geothermal-prospector.zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Data includes resource temperature estimates and beneficial heat/thermal energy available for Isolated low-temperature "
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "AASG and SMU Wells Updated and Filtered",
    "format": "zip",
    "accessURL": "https://gds-files.nrelcloud.org/archive/geothermal-prospector.zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Database contains information concerning well identification (Observation URI, Well Name, Well Status), county, state, latitude/longitude, spatial reference system (SRS) used to map points, depth of temperature measurement, temperature, information source, and parent dataset (e.g., SMU or AASG). The full dataset was filtered for the low-temperature criteria, where temperatures are in the range 30 °C to 150 °C. For access to raw SMU and AASG data, visit the links below. http://geothermal.smu.edu/static/DownloadFilesButtonPage.htm http://repository.stategeothermaldata.org/repository/"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "OIT-GHC Wells and Springs",
    "format": "zip",
    "accessURL": "https://gds-files.nrelcloud.org/archive/geothermal-prospector.zip",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "The data is gathered from the Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Center co-located geothermal resources study in 2004. Data presents the available information on wells and springs for the geothermal sites in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Database contains information concerning the site name, county, depth, temperature, flow rate, and total dissolved solid (TDS)."
  }
]
                                        

                                            [
  "Borehole",
  "Desalination",
  "Direct-Use",
  "Low Temperature",
  "Membrane Distillation",
  "Resource Assessment",
  "economics",
  "fresh water availability",
  "geothermal",
  "lcoh",
  "levelized cost of heat",
  "low temp",
  "thermal energy desalination"
]
                                        

                                            [
  "019:006"
]
                                        

                                            {
  "name": "National Renewable Energy Laboratory",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
                                        

                                            "{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[-127.297075,25.542692914554],[-66.48785,25.542692914554],[-66.48785,49.606620346621],[-127.297075,49.606620346621],[-127.297075,25.542692914554]]]}"