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Physical and meteorological data from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array in the tropical Pacific Ocean

Published by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2021-10-15T00:00:00.000+00:00
The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Array of 55 moored buoys spans the tropical Pacific from longitudes 165°E to 95°W between latitudes of approximately 8°S and 9°N. Moorings within the array measure surface meteorological and upper-ocean parameters and transmit most data in real time to shore via Service Argos. The array was part of the in-situ measurement portion of the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Program, a 10-year (1985 - 1994) study of climate variability on seasonal to interannual time scales, the most pronounced mode of which is the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon (McPhaden, 1993).

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0092237 0092238 0092276 0092277 0092278 0092279 0092280 0092281 0092282 0092283 0092284 0092285 0092286 0092287 0092288 0092289 0092290 0092481 0093394 0094858 0098162 0099239 0100009 0101141 0101901 0101902 0104399 0105758 0108125 0110023 0111754 0112759 0114237 0114238 0114994 0115701 0116306 0117433 0118351 0118448 0121263 0121264 0121265 0121631 0122514 0123218 0123641 0125593 0125688 0127321 0128050 AIR TEMPERATURE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE CONDUCTIVITY CURRENT SPEED - EAST/WEST COMPONENT (U) CURRENT SPEED - NORTH/SOUTH COMPONENT (V) CURRENT SPEED - UP/DOWN COMPONENT (W) DEPTH - OBSERVATION HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION PRECIPITATION RATE RELATIVE HUMIDITY SALINITY WATER TEMPERATURE WIND DIRECTION WIND SPEED ADCP CTD - moored CTD meteorological sensor pyranometer meteorological physical FIXED PLATFORM OF UNITED STATES NOAA National Data Buoy Center NOAA National Data Buoy Center Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) North Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean oceanography DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NWS/NDBC > National Data Buoy Center, National Weather Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > RELATIVE HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND SPEED EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION RATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN PRESSURE > WATER PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY air_pressure_at_sea_level air_temperature depth eastward_sea_water_velocity latitude longitude northward_sea_water_velocity rainfall_rate relative_humidity sea_water_electrical_conductivity sea_water_pressure sea_water_salinity sea_water_temperature surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air time upward_sea_water_velocity wind_speed wind_to_direction ADCP > Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth PYRANOMETERS > PYRANOMETERS ARGOS Transmitter Dopper Current Meter [SonTek/Argonaut-MD] Humidity-temperature Capacitance [Rotronics/MP100] Humidity-temperature Pt100 RTD [Rotronics/MP100] Longwave Pyrgeometer [Eppley Laboratory/PIR] Pressure Transducer [Paine 211-30-660-01] Pressure Transducer [Paroscientific/MET1-2] Rainfall Capacitance [R. M. Young/50203] Shortwave Pyranometer [Eppley Laboratory/PSP] Thermistor Conductivity Cell [Seabird/SBE 37] Thermistor [Seabird/SBE 37/39IM] Wind Propeller [R.M. Young/05103] Wind Vane [R.M. Young/05103] FIXED OBSERVATION STATIONS > FIXED OBSERVATION STATIONS T0N110W T0N125W T0N140W T0N155W T0N165E T0N170W T0N180W T0N95W T2N110W T2N125W T2N140W T2N155W T2N165E T2N170W T2N180W T2N95W T2S110W T2S125W T2S140W T2S155W T2S165E T2S170W T2S180W T2S95W T5N110W T5N125W T5N140W T5N155W T5N165E T5N170W T5N180W T5N95W T5S110W T5S125W T5S140W T5S155W T5S165E T5S170W T5S180W T5S95W T8N110W T8N125W T8N155W T8N165E T8N170W T8N180W T8N95W T8S110W T8S125W T8S155W T8S165E T8S170W T8S180W T8S95W T9N140W 32303 32304 32305 32315 32316 32317 32318 32319 32320 32321 32322 32323 43001 43301 51006 51007 51008 51009 51010 51011 51014 51015 51016 51017 51018 51019 51020 51021 51022 51023 51301 51302 51303 51304 51305 51306 51307 51308 51309 51310 51311 52001 52002 52003 52004 52006 52007 52309 52310 52311 52312 52313 52315 52316 52321 OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN

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