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S-MODE Saildrone Level 1 Observations

Published by NASA/JPL/PODAAC | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Metadata Last Checked: February 21, 2026 | Last Modified: 2026-02-17

This dataset contains a suite of Saildrone in-situ measurements (including but not limited to temperature, salinity, currents, biochemistry, and meteorology) taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign spanning two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods (IOPs) in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Saildrones are wind-and-solar-powered unmanned surface vehicles rigged with atmospheric and oceanic sensors that measure upper ocean horizontal velocities, near-surface temperature and salinity, Chlorophyll-a fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration, 5-m winds, air temperature, and surface radiation. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data samples are available in their raw 1 Hz sampling frequency as well as 5 minute averages, the latter available with navigation data. Other measurements are available as raw files (1Hz or 20 Hz where applicable), as well as 1 minute averages. L1 data are available as a zip file.

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Complete Metadata

@type	dcat:Dataset
accessLevel	public
bureauCode	[ "026:00" ]
contactPoint	{ "fn": "Earthdata Forum", "@type": "vcard:Contact", "hasEmail": "mailto:earthdata-support@nasa.gov" }
description	This dataset contains a suite of Saildrone in-situ measurements (including but not limited to temperature, salinity, currents, biochemistry, and meteorology) taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign spanning two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods (IOPs) in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Saildrones are wind-and-solar-powered unmanned surface vehicles rigged with atmospheric and oceanic sensors that measure upper ocean horizontal velocities, near-surface temperature and salinity, Chlorophyll-a fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration, 5-m winds, air temperature, and surface radiation. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data samples are available in their raw 1 Hz sampling frequency as well as 5 minute averages, the latter available with navigation data. Other measurements are available as raw files (1Hz or 20 Hz where applicable), as well as 1 minute averages. L1 data are available as a zip file.
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identifier	10.5067/SMODE-SDRON1
keyword	[ "earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements", "earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure", "earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-radiative-flux", "earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere", "earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators-humidity-relative-humid", "earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans-organic-matter", "earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans-organic-matter-colored-dissolved-organic-matter", "earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans-oxygen", "earth-science-ocean-circulation-oceans-ocean-currents", "earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans-chlorophyll", "earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature", "earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-wave-height", "earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-wave-period", "earth-science-ocean-winds-atmosphere", "earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-conductivity", "earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity" ]
landingPage	https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/CitingPODAAC
modified	2026-02-17
programCode	[ "026:000" ]
publisher	{ "name": "NASA/JPL/PODAAC", "@type": "org:Organization" }
spatial	"["CARTESIAN",[{"NorthBoundingCoordinate":38.1,"WestBoundingCoordinate":-125.4,"EastBoundingCoordinate":-122.9,"SouthBoundingCoordinate":36.3}]]"
temporal	2021-10-01/2021-10-01
theme	[ "Earth Science" ]
title	S-MODE Saildrone Level 1 Observations