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State of the Climate Monthly Overview - Global El Niño/Southern Oscillation

Published by DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce | Metadata Last Checked: January 27, 2026 | Last Modified: 2003-01-01T00:00:00.000+00:00
The State of the Climate is a collection of periodic summaries recapping climate-related occurrences on both a global and national scale. The State of the Climate Monthly Overview - Global El Niño/Southern Oscillation report describes atmospheric and oceanic conditions related to ENSO, a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature (El Niño) and the air pressure of the overlying atmosphere (Southern Oscillation) across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Each report provides a status statement and descriptions of the following indicators: 1) Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and mixed-layer conditions; 2) Equatorial zonal winds (U-component winds) and sea-level topography; 3) Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR); and 4) Southern oscillation index (SOI). Reports were written monthly from January 2004 through October 2009 with annually summaries for 2003-2008. As of the October 2009 report, NCDC no longer wrote a separate assessment of the current state of El Niño/Southern Oscillation as part of its monthly climate report. The information is incorporated in the El Niño Diagnostic Discussion produced each month by the NOAA Climate Prediction Center.

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Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Outgoing Longwave Radiation Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Teleconnections > El Nino Southern Oscillation (enso) > Enso Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Teleconnections > Southern Oscillation Index > Soi Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Surface Temperature Indices > Central Tropical Pacific Sst Nino 4 Index Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Surface Temperature Indices > East Central Tropical Pacific Sst Nino 3.4 Index Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Surface Temperature Indices > Extreme Eastern Tropical Pacific Sst Nino 1+2 Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Surface Temperature Indices > Nino 3 Index Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Surface Temperature Indices > Oceanic Nino Index (oni) Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Surface Temperature Indices > Trans-Nino Index Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Precipitation Indices > Enso Precipitation Index Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature Earth Science > Oceans > Sea Surface Topography Geographic Region > Global Vertical Location > Land Surface Vertical Location > Sea Surface Vertical Location > Stratosphere Vertical Location > Troposphere DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce

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