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The impact of ocean acidification on the early life stages of surf clams and the interactive effects of feeding and temperature from laboratory experiment studies from 2011-07-12 to 2012-06-17 (NCEI Accession 0123314)

Published by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce | Metadata Last Checked: January 26, 2026 | Last Modified: 2014-12-03T00:00:00.000+00:00
This dataset contains laboratory experiment data that were collected to examine the effects of ocean acidification on the Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima, a species worth $31 million in 2009. Ocean acidification has negatively impacted growth and survival of multiple bivalve species, but because each species and developmental stage can show different responses, these studies were designed to determine potential impacts of increased CO2 on the larvae of the commercially important surfclam. Additionally, the role of nutrition (i.e., phytoplankton concentration) was included in a portion of these experiments because food availability may be able to mitigate the stress of ocean acidification and because ocean acidification has the potential to impact marine phytoplankton communities. During the summer of 2011, three different experiments were conducted at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution examining the effects of three different pCO2 concentrations on larval surf clams. Two short term experiments (~70h) examined the effect of food availability on early shell development (fed vs unfed). One long term experiment (~21d) was conducted to examine the effects of pCO2 on shell development and metamorphic success (all animals well fed). Carbonate data is reported from these preliminary short-term experiments, and survival and shell length data is reported, in addition to carbonate data, from the long-term experiment. During 2012, one 6 day experiment was conducted examining the role and potential interactive effects of high and low food availability (400 and 40,000 cells ml-1 Tiso) and differential CO2 concentrations (ambient, ~1200 ppm and ~2200ppm). From these experiments, carbonate data, shell length, mass and biochemical compositions are reported. In 2013, two additional experiments were conducted to confirm results obtained in 2012. Unfortunately we observed stunted larval growth, no feeding effect on growth, high mortalities and a general failure to thrive. Given this, we infer poor gamete quality may have been the cause, and have chosen not to interpret these data as results are suspect. Therefore, 2013 data are therefore not included in this data submission.

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  • NCEI Contact Information

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0123314 alcohol ANIMALS - INDIVIDUAL - COUNTS ARAGONITE SATURATION STATE DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) ester ether fatty acids hydrocarbons ketone lipids NITRATE nitrate + nitrite content (concentration) NITRITE pH phosphate SALINITY shell parameters (length or weight) silicate sterol total alkalinity WATER TEMPERATURE spectrophotometer biological laboratory experiments US DOC/NOAA/NMFS/Northeast Fisheries Science Center/Milford Laboratory Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution US DOC/NOAA/NMFS/Northeast Fisheries Science Center/Milford Laboratory NODC Ocean Acidification Scientific Data Stewardship (OADS) US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) North Atlantic Ocean oceanography DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC > Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce WHOI > WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBONATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > HYDROCARBONS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > SILICATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY Laboratory experiment AL AMPL Aragonite Saturation State DAG DIC Dead EE EK FFA GE HC Live ME MK Mean Shell length Mean weight of 50 animals NH4 NO2 NO3 NO3+NO2 PL PO4 SE/WE ST Salinity Si TA TAG Temperature pCO2 pH OPTSPEC > Optical Spectrometer OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Woods Hole, MA

Complete Metadata
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description This dataset contains laboratory experiment data that were collected to examine the effects of ocean acidification on the Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima, a species worth $31 million in 2009. Ocean acidification has negatively impacted growth and survival of multiple bivalve species, but because each species and developmental stage can show different responses, these studies were designed to determine potential impacts of increased CO2 on the larvae of the commercially important surfclam. Additionally, the role of nutrition (i.e., phytoplankton concentration) was included in a portion of these experiments because food availability may be able to mitigate the stress of ocean acidification and because ocean acidification has the potential to impact marine phytoplankton communities. During the summer of 2011, three different experiments were conducted at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution examining the effects of three different pCO2 concentrations on larval surf clams. Two short term experiments (~70h) examined the effect of food availability on early shell development (fed vs unfed). One long term experiment (~21d) was conducted to examine the effects of pCO2 on shell development and metamorphic success (all animals well fed). Carbonate data is reported from these preliminary short-term experiments, and survival and shell length data is reported, in addition to carbonate data, from the long-term experiment. During 2012, one 6 day experiment was conducted examining the role and potential interactive effects of high and low food availability (400 and 40,000 cells ml-1 Tiso) and differential CO2 concentrations (ambient, ~1200 ppm and ~2200ppm). From these experiments, carbonate data, shell length, mass and biochemical compositions are reported. In 2013, two additional experiments were conducted to confirm results obtained in 2012. Unfortunately we observed stunted larval growth, no feeding effect on growth, high mortalities and a general failure to thrive. Given this, we infer poor gamete quality may have been the cause, and have chosen not to interpret these data as results are suspect. Therefore, 2013 data are therefore not included in this data submission.
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identifier gov.noaa.nodc:0123314
issued 2014-11-24T00:00:00.000+00:00
keyword 
                                            [
  "0123314",
  "alcohol",
  "ANIMALS - INDIVIDUAL - COUNTS",
  "ARAGONITE SATURATION STATE",
  "DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)",
  "ester",
  "ether",
  "fatty acids",
  "hydrocarbons",
  "ketone",
  "lipids",
  "NITRATE",
  "nitrate + nitrite content (concentration)",
  "NITRITE",
  "pH",
  "phosphate",
  "SALINITY",
  "shell parameters (length or weight)",
  "silicate",
  "sterol",
  "total alkalinity",
  "WATER TEMPERATURE",
  "spectrophotometer",
  "biological",
  "laboratory experiments",
  "US DOC/NOAA/NMFS/Northeast Fisheries Science Center/Milford Laboratory",
  "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution",
  "US DOC/NOAA/NMFS/Northeast Fisheries Science Center/Milford Laboratory",
  "NODC Ocean Acidification Scientific Data Stewardship (OADS)",
  "US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP)",
  "North Atlantic Ocean",
  "oceanography",
  "DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce",
  "DOC/NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC > Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce",
  "WHOI > WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION",
  "Ocean Acidification Program (OAP)",
  "Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBONATE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > HYDROCARBONS",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > SILICATE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY",
  "Laboratory experiment",
  "AL",
  "AMPL",
  "Aragonite Saturation State",
  "DAG",
  "DIC",
  "Dead",
  "EE",
  "EK",
  "FFA",
  "GE",
  "HC",
  "Live",
  "ME",
  "MK",
  "Mean Shell length",
  "Mean weight of 50 animals",
  "NH4",
  "NO2",
  "NO3",
  "NO3+NO2",
  "PL",
  "PO4",
  "SE/WE",
  "ST",
  "Salinity",
  "Si",
  "TA",
  "TAG",
  "Temperature",
  "pCO2",
  "pH",
  "OPTSPEC > Optical Spectrometer",
  "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN",
  "North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Woods Hole, MA"
]
landingPage https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
language 
                                            []
license https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
modified 2014-12-03T00:00:00.000+00:00
publisher 
                                            {
  "name": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
references 
                                            [
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  "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0117506.html",
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rights otherRestrictions
spatial -70.64,41.53,-70.64,41.53
temporal 2011-07-12T00:00:00+00:00/2012-06-17T00:00:00+00:00
title The impact of ocean acidification on the early life stages of surf clams and the interactive effects of feeding and temperature from laboratory experiment studies from 2011-07-12 to 2012-06-17 (NCEI Accession 0123314)

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