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Use of Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats by Seabirds, California South Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2011 to 2013

Published by California Ocean Protection Council | State of California | Metadata Last Checked: July 29, 2025 | Last Modified: 2018-05-15T18:18:25.872860
Seabirds are long-lived, upper trophic level predators that are integral components of marine ecosystems. During the breeding season, seabirds are central place foragers and must return to their nests to incubate eggs and provision young throughout the day. As such, they have limited foraging ranges during that time and will benefit from protected areas within these ranges. Marine protected areas (MPAs) can provide both direct and indirect benefits to seabirds. Direct benefits involve reducing the direct interactions seabirds have with humans like incidental take and gear entanglement as well as human- caused disturbance to breeding and roosting sites. Indirect benefits involve reducing competition with humans for prey resources. Many coastally breeding seabirds rely on juvenile age classes of fished species. Decreases in adult fish catch can lead to increased spawning biomass and, thus, more seabird prey. Herein, we summarize the results of baseline seabird monitoring within the South Coast Study Region (SCSR) of California’s Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) Initiative in 2012-2013. The long-term objectives of our monitoring are to 1) document how seabirds are using coastal and nearshore habitats in relation to newly established MPAs and 2) develop seabirds as indicators to study the processes (e.g., recruitment) impacting change resulting from MPA establishment, including changes in nearshore fish and invertebrate populations and human use patterns that can impact seabirds. Funding for baseline monitoring was provided by SeaGrant, Project Number R/MPA-28 (Grant No. MPA 10-049).

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Complete Metadata
@type dcat:Dataset
accessLevel public
contactPoint 
                                            {
  "fn": "Daniel Robinett",
  "@type": "vcard:Contact",
  "hasEmail": "mailto:drobinette@pointblue.org"
}
description Seabirds are long-lived, upper trophic level predators that are integral components of marine ecosystems. During the breeding season, seabirds are central place foragers and must return to their nests to incubate eggs and provision young throughout the day. As such, they have limited foraging ranges during that time and will benefit from protected areas within these ranges. Marine protected areas (MPAs) can provide both direct and indirect benefits to seabirds. Direct benefits involve reducing the direct interactions seabirds have with humans like incidental take and gear entanglement as well as human- caused disturbance to breeding and roosting sites. Indirect benefits involve reducing competition with humans for prey resources. Many coastally breeding seabirds rely on juvenile age classes of fished species. Decreases in adult fish catch can lead to increased spawning biomass and, thus, more seabird prey. Herein, we summarize the results of baseline seabird monitoring within the South Coast Study Region (SCSR) of California’s Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) Initiative in 2012-2013. The long-term objectives of our monitoring are to 1) document how seabirds are using coastal and nearshore habitats in relation to newly established MPAs and 2) develop seabirds as indicators to study the processes (e.g., recruitment) impacting change resulting from MPA establishment, including changes in nearshore fish and invertebrate populations and human use patterns that can impact seabirds. Funding for baseline monitoring was provided by SeaGrant, Project Number R/MPA-28 (Grant No. MPA 10-049).
distribution 
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    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Data for the seabird nearshore foraging in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
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    "title": "Productivity - Date Last Observed Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
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    "description": "Date last observed for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
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    "title": "Productivity - Date Last Observed Lookup Table Metadata, 2012-2013",
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    "description": "Metadata for hatch date for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
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    "title": "Productivity - Methods and Sampling Metadata",
    "format": "PDF",
    "mediaType": "application/pdf",
    "description": "Methods and sampling metadata for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/0c70cc35-d323-4007-91f9-e5a837b98268/download/methodsandsamplingmetadataseabirdpopulationtransectsurveys.pdf"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Least Tern Diet - Methods and Sampling Metadata",
    "format": "PDF",
    "mediaType": "application/pdf",
    "description": "Methods and sampling metadata for the Least Tern diet data in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/b0a70d95-d054-4468-bfb2-7e4fa293c1a2/download/methodsandsamplingmetadataleastterndietdata.pdf"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Nearshore Foraging - Methods and Sampling Metadata",
    "format": "PDF",
    "mediaType": "application/pdf",
    "description": "Methods and sampling metadata for the seabird nearshore foraging in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/8b9c9fde-8aef-431d-a0f8-fe7eb8e520f1/download/methodsandsamplingmetadataseabirdnearshoreforagingdata.pdf"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Productivity - Nest Condition Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Nest condition lookup table for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/6a512849-0d71-44c2-a16b-c02fbadd1b37/download/scseabirdproductivity7nestconditionlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Disturbance Monitoring - Observer Data, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Observer data for the disturbance monitoring of seabirds in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/4208773e-07c8-49c7-b913-03be5eb35a0a/download/scseabirddisturbance2observerlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Productivity - Observer Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Observer lookup table for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/8dcffb71-2f01-44d6-bdf6-253e8f948e6e/download/scseabirdproductivity11observerlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Least Tern Diet - Observer Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Observer lookup table for the Least Tern diet in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/31ab901f-2362-4d6a-ba04-b5561da09f0b/download/scleastterndiet3observerlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Nearshore Foraging - Observer Lookup table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Observer lookup table for the seabird nearshore foraging in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/413d022f-67cc-425f-8f64-2e20f1dccc07/download/scseabirdforaging7observerlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Population Transect Surveys - Observer Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Observer lookup table for the seabird population transect surveys in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/6d4d1628-9734-4117-854a-8f36aec4e3af/download/scseabirdpopulation7observerlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Disturbance Monitoring - Offspring Data, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Offspring data for the disturbance monitoring of seabirds in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/fa19372f-bec2-499d-a4cf-b58756b51b31/download/scseabirddisturbance9offspringdata20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Productivity - Pelagic Cormorant Data, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Pelagic Cormorant data for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/265dc70e-b1b4-4432-ba98-a289199c6bd2/download/scseabirdproductivity1pelagiccormorantdata20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Disturbance Monitoring - Reaction Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Reaction lookup table for the disturbance monitoring of seabirds in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/c2afd8d1-fb65-4941-a4f3-b3012ab8d6da/download/scseabirddisturbance10reactionlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Productivity - Relay Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Relay lookup table for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/1b47484e-e015-495e-a7bc-effd998761f0/download/scseabirdproductivity6relaylookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Final Report for Use of Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats by Seabirds Within the MLPA South Coast Study Region",
    "format": "PDF",
    "mediaType": "application/pdf",
    "description": "Seabirds are long-lived, upper trophic level predators that are integral components of marine ecosystems. During the breeding season, seabirds are central place foragers and must return to their nests to incubate eggs and provision young throughout the day.  As such, they have limited foraging ranges during that time and will benefit from protected areas within these ranges. Marine protected areas (MPAs) can provide both direct and indirect benefits to seabirds.  Direct benefits involve reducing the direct interactions seabirds have with humans like incidental take and gear entanglement as well as human- caused disturbance to breeding and roosting sites.  Indirect benefits involve reducing competition with humans for prey resources.  Many coastally breeding seabirds rely on juvenile age classes of fished species. Decreases in adult fish catch can lead to increased spawning biomass and, thus, more seabird prey. Herein, we summarize the results of baseline seabird monitoring within the South Coast Study Region (SCSR) of California’s Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) Initiative in 2012-2013.  The long-term objectives of our monitoring are to 1) document how seabirds are using coastal and nearshore habitats in relation to newly established MPAs and 2) develop seabirds as indicators to study the processes (e.g., recruitment) impacting change resulting from MPA establishment, including changes in nearshore fish and invertebrate populations and human use patterns that can impact seabirds.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/73afde0e-67fc-40f9-90ae-3742bc2053c0/download/scmpa-28-final-report.pdf"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Disturbance Monitoring - Sources Data, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Sources data for the disturbance monitoring of seabirds in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/fc073b19-0ef3-483d-be55-e0081710cc1f/download/scseabirddisturbance3sourcesdata20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Disturbance Monitoring - Species Data, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Species data for the disturbance monitoring of seabirds in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/877b11bd-29f6-42f2-b9bb-f612fb0ec332/download/scseabirddisturbance6speciesdata20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Disturbance Monitoring - Status Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Status lookup table for the disturbance monitoring of seabirds in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/f206fe77-b35e-45e9-a046-bd4526778507/download/scseabirddisturbance8statuslookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Disturbance Monitoring - Study Data, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Study Data for the disturbance monitoring of seabirds in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/798852f1-51d5-453d-8252-a785d5259397/download/scseabirddisturbance1studydata20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Productivity - Taxon Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Taxon lookup table for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/7b2873b8-81d1-4a37-885f-24f16ba5cb1a/download/scseabirdproductivity10taxonlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Least Tern Diet - Taxon Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Taxon lookup table for the Least Tern diet in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/12b5ea97-5cc1-4115-892d-c5c936709e87/download/scleastterndiet4taxonlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Disturbance Monitoring - Taxon Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Taxon lookup table for the disturbance monitoring of seabirds in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/249262d4-c711-4522-be71-7762250c38ba/download/scseabirddisturbance7taxonlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Nearshore Foraging - Taxon Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Taxon lookup table for the seabird nearshore foraging in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/9bf045a1-8f73-4ef0-92e5-d62b3a63b583/download/scseabirdforaging4taxonlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Population Transect Surveys - Taxon Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Taxon lookup table for the seabird population transect surveys in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/2d90fc95-d097-4174-a395-4789add0ee20/download/scseabirdpopulation4taxonlookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Nearshore Foraging - Visibility Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Visibility lookup table for the seabird nearshore foraging in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/7768bc58-2a0b-4b9b-85da-dde3acf60238/download/scseabirdforaging6visibilitylookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Population Transect Surveys - Visibility Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Visibility lookup table for the seabird population transect surveys in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/46e8ffea-0087-4019-a103-e1844b069f30/download/scseabirdpopulation6visibilitylookuptable20122013metadata.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Population Transect Surveys - Visibility Lookup Table, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Visibility lookup table for the seabird population transect surveys in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/c75d3bab-2fe1-4bd5-a585-67883120fdda/download/scseabirdpopulation6visibilitylookuptable20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Productivity - Western Gull Data, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "Western Gull data for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/136bb0ed-1ec9-442e-888d-d82d93d53e0b/download/scseabirdproductivity1westerngulldata20122013.txt"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Full Data Package for Use of Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats by Seabirds, California South Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2011 to 2013",
    "format": "ZIP",
    "mediaType": "application/zip",
    "description": "Zip file of all files related to the Use of Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats by Seabirds, California South Coast MPA Baseline Study.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/4535042f-6fbe-435f-9e4c-63e977fbe333/download/seabirdnearshoreestuarine.zip"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Productivity - Nest Condition Lookup Table Metadata, 2012-2013",
    "format": "TXT",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "description": "metadata for nest condition for seabird productivity in Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats in the South Coast region of California.",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/ce0e75c6-7ce3-458e-8a69-d98c4f66f8be/resource/07c0101c-1272-4043-abf6-83ce97dc831b/download/scseabirdproductivity7nestconditionlookuptable20122013metadata.txt"
  }
]
identifier 88953cf4-1cc9-4146-afc8-c7e1970bef65
issued 2017-12-27T16:54:44.649804
keyword 
                                            [
  "Baseline",
  "California",
  "MPA",
  "Marine Protected Area",
  "Monitoring",
  "South Coast",
  "biota",
  "california ocean protection council",
  "commercial",
  "ecological data",
  "estuarine",
  "evironmental",
  "fishing",
  "human use",
  "intertidal",
  "oceans",
  "recreation",
  "seabirds",
  "subtidal"
]
license http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by
modified 2018-05-15T18:18:25.872860
publisher 
                                            {
  "name": "California Ocean Protection Council",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
theme 
                                            [
  "Natural Resources",
  "Water"
]
title Use of Estuarine, Intertidal, and Subtidal Habitats by Seabirds, California South Coast MPA Baseline Study, 2011 to 2013

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