Wave and Offshore Wind Resource in the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands
Coastal environments such as islands have unique opportunities for renewable energy resources. This work explores the wave and offshore wind energy potential for the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands, including Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island. A numerical wave model based on WAVEWATCH III and SWAN (both are NWS / NOAA models) was developed, validated, and executed to generate a 32-year hindcast dataset suitable for resource characterization for each island. A complementary offshore wind resource characterization is provided for the same time period based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5).
Each island has five netcdf files:
1. wave_[island]_annual_J_map.nc: the data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m])
2. wave_[island]_100m_IEC: six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
3. wave_[island]_5km_IEC: six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
4. wind_island_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc: wind speed timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (m/s) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
5. wind_island_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc: wind direction timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (degrees) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
Complete Metadata
| @type | dcat:Dataset |
|---|---|
| accessLevel | public |
| bureauCode |
[
"019:20"
]
|
| contactPoint |
{
"fn": "Lindsay Sheridan",
"@type": "vcard:Contact",
"hasEmail": "mailto:lindsay.sheridan@pnnl.gov"
}
|
| dataQuality |
true
|
| description | Coastal environments such as islands have unique opportunities for renewable energy resources. This work explores the wave and offshore wind energy potential for the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands, including Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island. A numerical wave model based on WAVEWATCH III and SWAN (both are NWS / NOAA models) was developed, validated, and executed to generate a 32-year hindcast dataset suitable for resource characterization for each island. A complementary offshore wind resource characterization is provided for the same time period based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5). Each island has five netcdf files: 1. wave_[island]_annual_J_map.nc: the data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) 2. wave_[island]_100m_IEC: six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly 3. wave_[island]_5km_IEC: six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly 4. wind_island_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc: wind speed timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (m/s) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly 5. wind_island_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc: wind direction timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (degrees) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly |
| distribution |
[
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "READ_ME.txt",
"format": "txt",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/READ_ME_Pacific_Minor_Outlying_Islands.txt",
"mediaType": "text/plain",
"description": "Metadata for IEC wave parameters."
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_baker_howland_100m_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_baker_howland_100m_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Baker and Howland Islands"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_baker_howland_5km_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_baker_howland_5km_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Baker and Howland Islands"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_baker_howland_annual_J_map.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_baker_howland_annual_J_map.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Baker Island and Howland Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_jarvis_100m_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_jarvis_100m_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Jarvis Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_jarvis_5km_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_jarvis_5km_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Jarvis Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_jarvis_annual_J_map.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_jarvis_annual_J_map.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Jarvis Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_johnston_100m_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_johnston_100m_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Johnston Atoll"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_johnston_5km_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_johnston_5km_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Johnston Atoll"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_johnston_annual_J_map.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_johnston_annual_J_map.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Johnston Atoll"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_palmyra_kingman_100m_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_palmyra_kingman_100m_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_palmyra_kingman_5km_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_palmyra_kingman_5km_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Kingman Reef and Palmyra Atoll"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_palmyra_kingman_annual_J_map.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_palmyra_kingman_annual_J_map.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_wake_100m_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_wake_100m_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly for Wake Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_wake_5km_IEC.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_wake_5km_IEC.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "Six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly, for Wake Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wave_wake_annual_J_map.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wave_wake_annual_J_map.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "The data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m]) for Wake Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_baker_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_baker_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Baker Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_baker_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_baker_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Baker Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_howland_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_howland_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Howland Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_howland_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_howland_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries%20%281%29.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Howland Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_jarvis_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_jarvis_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Jarvis Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_jarvis_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_jarvis_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Jarvis Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_johnston_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_johnston_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Johnston Atoll"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_johnston_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_johnston_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Johnston Atoll"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_kingman_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_kingman_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Kingman Reef"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_kingman_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_kingman_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Kingman Reef"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_palmyra_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_palmyra_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries%20%281%29.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Palmyra Atoll"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_palmyra_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_palmyra_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Palmyra Atoll"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_wake_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_wake_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries%20%281%29.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind direction within 60 km of Wake Island"
},
{
"@type": "dcat:Distribution",
"title": "wind_wake_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"format": "nc",
"accessURL": "https://mhkdr.openei.org/files/512/wind_wake_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc",
"mediaType": "application/octet-stream",
"description": "ERA5 100 m wind speed within 60 km of Wake Island"
}
]
|
| DOI | 10.15473/2203433 |
| identifier | https://data.openei.org/submissions/8074 |
| issued | 2020-12-31T07:00:00Z |
| keyword |
[
"Baker Island",
"ECMWF",
"ERA5",
"Howland Island",
"Jarvis Island",
"Johnston Atoll",
"Kingman Reef",
"Marine Energy Resource Assessment and Characterization",
"Pacific Ocean",
"Palmyra Atoll",
"South Pacific",
"Wake Island",
"characterization",
"numerical model",
"offshore",
"offshore wind",
"resource",
"wave",
"wave energy",
"wave height",
"wind",
"wind direction",
"wind speed"
]
|
| landingPage | https://mhkdr.openei.org/submissions/512 |
| license | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| modified | 2024-11-18T20:26:12Z |
| programCode |
[
"019:009"
]
|
| projectLead | Bill McShane |
| projectNumber | FY23 AOP 2.1.5.601 |
| projectTitle | Model Validation and Site Characterization for Early Deployment MHK Sites and Establishment of Wave Classification Scheme |
| publisher |
{
"name": "Pacific Northwest National Laboratory",
"@type": "org:Organization"
}
|
| spatial |
"{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[-176.615189,-19.384119886359528],[166.651448,-19.384119886359528],[166.651448,29.889626896773645],[-176.615189,29.889626896773645],[-176.615189,-19.384119886359528]]]}"
|
| title | Wave and Offshore Wind Resource in the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands |
