• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

Bone loss occurs when the cellular events of bone formation are quantitatively larger than bone formation. This manuscript discusses the measurement of bone loss, occurrence in the population,...

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• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

Inflammatory arthritides are commonly characterized by localized and generalized bone loss. Localized bone loss in the form of joint erosions and periarticular osteopenia is a hallmark of...

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• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

Osteoporosis is associated with low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with clinical manifestation of low trauma fractures. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a risk factor...

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• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

Rheumatoid arthritis represents an excellent model in which to gain insights into the local and systemic effects of joint inflammation on skeletal tissues. Three forms of bone disease have...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

There is often a reciprocal relationship between bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts, suggesting that marrow adipose tissue (MAT) antagonizes osteoblast differentiation. MAT is increased in...

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• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

Osteoclast activation is a critical cellular process for pathological bone resorption, such as erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or generalized bone loss. Among many factors triggering...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

Among the physiological consequences of extended spaceflight are loss of skeletal muscle and bone mass. One signaling pathway that plays an important role in maintaining muscle and bone...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

Understanding the axis of the human microbiome and physiological homeostasis is an essential task in managing deep-space travel associated health risks. The NASA led Rodent Research 5 mission...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

Exposure to weightlessness in microgravity and elevated space radiation are associated with rapid bone loss in mammals, but questions remain about their mechanisms of action and relative...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

We examined the effects of ~30 days of spaceflight on glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) content and inhibitory serine phosphorylation in murine muscle and bone samples from four separate missions...

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• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

Inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase enzyme have recently been shown to stimulate bone formation in rodents both in vitro and in vivo. In bone cells, these inhibitors...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-04-23

Physical inactivity decreases the mechanical load on the skeleton which when prolonged leads to losses of muscle strength and bone mass in humans and most mammalian species. Hibernating mammals...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

This study investigated the effects of a 14-day spaceflight on bone mass, density and microarchitecture in weight bearing (femur and humerus) and non-weight bearing (2nd) lumbar vertebra and...

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• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-09-06

The origin and role of IL-17, a T-cell derived cytokine, in cartilage and bone destruction during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain to be clarified. In human ex vivo models, addition of IL-17...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-04-23

Microgravity leads to a 10-15% loss of bone mass in astronauts during space flight. Osteoclast is the multinucleated bone resorbing cell. In this study we used NASA developed ground based Rotary...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-04-23

Microgravity leads to a 10-15% loss of bone mass in astronauts during space flight. Osteoclast is the multinucleated bone resorbing cell. In this study we used NASA developed ground based Rotary...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

Reduced skeletal loading leads to marked bone loss. Animal models of hindlimb suspension are widely used to assess alterations in skeleton during the course of complete unloading. More recently,...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

Bone loss is one of the major health problems for astronauts during long-term spaceflight and for patients during prolonged bed rest or paralysis. Growing evidence suggests that osteocytes, the...

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• Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Updated: 2025-08-21

Reduced skeletal loading leads to marked bone loss. Animal models of hindlimb suspension are widely used to assess alterations in skeleton during the course of complete unloading. More recently,...

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• Organization: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• Updated: 2025-03-17

Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate is a prescription oral tablet combining estrogen (estradiol) and progestin (norethindrone acetate) to help manage menopause symptoms like hot flashes and...

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